CiteSpace knowledge map of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine in recent twenty years / 中国中药杂志

We employed bibliometrics to comprehensively study the hotspots and frontiers of gut microbiota research involving traditional Chinese medicine(TCM), aiming to provide new ideas for the subsequent research in this field. The studies of gut microbiota with TCM published from January 1, 2002 to December 31, 2021 were retrieved from CNKI, Wanfang, VIP and Web of Science(WoS). After data screening and cleaning, CiteSpace 5.8.R3 was used to visualize and analyze the authors, journals, and keywords. A total of 1 119 Chinese articles and 815 English articles were included in the study. The period of 2019-2021 witnessed the surge in the number of articles published in this field, being the peak research period. TAN Zhou-jin and DUAN Jin-ao were the authors publishing the most articles in Chinese and English, respectively. The two authors ranked top in both Chinese and English articles, playing a central role in this research field. The top five Chinese and English journals in this field had a large influence in the international research field. High-frequency keywords and keyword clustering showed that the research hotspots in this field were concentrated in four areas: trial and clinical research on the regulation of gut microbiota in disease treatment by TCM, metabolic transformation of Chinese medicines by gut microbiota, and the effect of TCM added to feed on the gut microbiota and growth performance of animals. The study of gut microbiota structure in patients with different TCM syndromes, as well as that of TCM combined with probiotics/flora transplantation in the treatment of diseases, can provide new ideas for clinical diagnosis and traditional drug treatment of diseases and has great research space and research value in the future.

Ginkgo biloba extract ameliorates streptozotocin-induced diabetes in rats as measured by non-targeted metabolomics / 药学学报

Metabolomics based on liquid chromatography coupled with mass spectrometry (LC-MS) was used to study the initiation and development of diabetes in rats, and the ability of Ginkgo biloba extract (GBE) to ameliorate this pathology. Diabetes mellitus (DM) was induced by intra-peritoneal injection of streptozotocin. The rats were randomly divided into a normal control group treated with drug-free solution (NC), a normal control group treated with GBE (N-GBE), a DM group treated with drug-free solution (DM), and a DM group treated with GBE (D-GBE); rats were maintained on this protocol for 9 weeks. Rat plasma was collected from the sixth week to the ninth week and then analyzed with LC-MS. Animal experimentation was approved by the Committee on the Ethics of Animal Experiments of Xuzhou Medical University. Twelve plasma metabolites with continuous differentiation were monitored to indicate dysfunction of metabolic pathways including fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, tricarboxylic acid cycle activity, bile acid metabolism, and purine metabolism to confirm the occurrence and development of DM. Treatment with GBE partially reversed the changes seen in five metabolites in DM rats, indicating that GBE could prevent the occurrence and development of DM by acting on fatty acid metabolism, phospholipid metabolism, amino acid metabolism, and the tricarboxylic acid cycle.

Expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in tongue squamous cell carcinoma and its significance / 口腔疾病防治

Objective @#To investigate the expression of brain expressed X-linked gene 1(Bex1) and nuclear factor-kBp65 (NF-kBp65) in tongue squamous cell carcinoma, and its significance.@*Methods@# Immunohistochemistry was used to detect the expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in 60 tongue squamous cell carcinoma (TSCC) tissues and adjacent normal tissues, and the relationships between Bex1, NF-kBp65 and the clinicopathological features and prognosis of patients were analyzed.@*Results @#The positive expression rate of Bex1 in TSCC was 48.3% (29/60), which was significantly lower than that in adjacent normal tissues 88.3% (53/60) (x2=22.18, P < 0.01). The positive rate of Bex1 was negatively correlated with TNM stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). The positive rate of 63.3% (38/60) in TSCC was significantly higher than 20% (12/60) in adjacent normal tissues (x2=23.18, P < 0.01), the positive rate of NF-kBp65 was positively correlated with TNM stage, and the difference was statistically significant (P < 0.05). According to the Pearson correlation analysis results, the expression of Bex1 and NF-kBp65 in TSCC tissues was negatively correlated (r=-0.302, P=0.019). Kaplan-Meier survival curves showed that the survival rate of Bex1 positive patients was significantly higher than that of Bex1 negative patients.@*Conclusion @#In TSCC tissues, the low positive expression rate of Bex1 and the high positive expression rate of NF-kBp65 may promote tumor invasion and metastasis, and the negative expression of Bex1 may be related to the poor prognosis of patients.

Characteristics of the serum creatinine change patterns in patients with acute myocardial infarction undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To investigate the characteristics of the serum creatinine change patterns and its clinical signifi cance in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods Two hundred and ninety-three consecutive ST elevation myocardial infarction(STEMI) patients who underwent emergent PCI were retrospectively grouped into the descending type,increasing type,stable type,U curve type and converse U curve type according to the dynamic changes serum creatinine in within 72h after PCI. The characteristics of diff erent patterns relationship of the respective pattern to the Mehran risk score,the serum creatinine changes between admission to 1 month after PCI,and the incidence of adverse events were analyzed.Results The proportion of the 5 pattern groups was 9.9%(decending type),17.7(increasing type),47.1%(stable type),4.1%(U curve type)and 21.2%(converse U curve type),respectively. The incidence of adverse events was higher in the increasing type,stable type and converse U curve type compared to the other 2 types in 1 month after PCI. Hypotension before admission and volume expansion therapy were more common in the groups of descending type and U curve type while diuretics were more frequently used in converse U curve type than descending type. The decline of creatinine from admission to 1 month after PCI were 57.9% in descending type and 27.3% in U curve type. Conclusions The dynamic change of serum creatinine presents with multiple patterns in patients undergoing emergent PCI. Hypotension before admission,volume expansion therapy,and the use of diuretics may aff ect the value of serum creatinine. The serum creatinine level at admission seems not suitable for baseline assessment to evaluate the risk of contrast-induced acute kidney injury in some patients.

Comparison of iodixanol and iohexol on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To compare the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI) following iso-osmolar iodixanol or low-osmolar iohexol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods The study was a prospectiverandomized controlled study.Consecutive patients with AMI were assigned to either the iodixanol group or the iohexol group randomly after they were categorized in different group according to the infarcted walls(inferior and anterior infarction)indicated by electrocardiogram. The primary end point was the incidence of CI-AKI,which is defined as serum creatinine(sCr)increase>25% or>0.5 mg/dl(44 μmol/L)from baseline witin 72 hours. Results Two hundred ninety-seven patients were enrolled and allocated to the iodixanol group(n=149)or the iohexol group(n=148),and CI-AKI occurred in 22.1% of patients in the iodixanol group and 16.9% of patients in the iohexol group (95% confidence interval –14.2% to 3.8%,P for noninferiority<0.002). The incidence of CI-AKI was higher in the anterior infarction group than in the inferior infarction group(21.4% vs. 11.6%,P<0.01). Conclusions In patients with AMI who underwent emergent PCI,iohexol was not inferior to iodixanol on the incidence of CI-AKI,and it is reasonable to avoid selection bias for assigning patients into inferior and anterior infarction group according to the infarcted walls for the future CI-AKI related clinical study.

Comparison of iodixanol and iohexol on contrast-induced acute kidney injury in acute myocardial infarction patients undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention / 中国介入心脏病学杂志

Objective To compare the incidence of contrast-induced acute kidney injury(CI-AKI) following iso-osmolar iodixanol or low-osmolar iohexol administration in patients with acute myocardial infarction(AMI)undergoing emergent percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI). Methods The study was a prospectiverandomized controlled study.Consecutive patients with AMI were assigned to either the iodixanol group or the iohexol group randomly after they were categorized in different group according to the infarcted walls(inferior and anterior infarction)indicated by electrocardiogram. The primary end point was the incidence of CI-AKI,which is defined as serum creatinine(sCr)increase>25% or>0.5 mg/dl(44 μmol/L)from baseline witin 72 hours. Results Two hundred ninety-seven patients were enrolled and allocated to the iodixanol group(n=149)or the iohexol group(n=148),and CI-AKI occurred in 22.1% of patients in the iodixanol group and 16.9% of patients in the iohexol group (95% confidence interval –14.2% to 3.8%,P for noninferiority<0.002). The incidence of CI-AKI was higher in the anterior infarction group than in the inferior infarction group(21.4% vs. 11.6%,P<0.01). Conclusions In patients with AMI who underwent emergent PCI,iohexol was not inferior to iodixanol on the incidence of CI-AKI,and it is reasonable to avoid selection bias for assigning patients into inferior and anterior infarction group according to the infarcted walls for the future CI-AKI related clinical study.

Safety and Efficacy of Etanercept Monotherapy for Moderate-to-severe Plaque Psoriasis: A Prospective 12-week Follow-up Study / 华中科技大学学报（医学）（英德文版）

Etanercept has been shown to be effective for the treatment of moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.Since most clinical trials examined etanercept in combination with other drugs,the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy for moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis have not been well established.This prospective study enrolled 61 Chinese patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis to explore the efficacy and safety of etanercept monotherapy.These patients were treated with etanercept at a subcutaneous dose of 25 mg,twice a week,for 12 weeks.All the 61 patients completed the treatment and showed significant improvement in psoriasis area and severity index (PASI) scores.At 4,8,and 12 weeks after treatment,the response rates (PASI75) were 0％,21.31％,and 40.98％,respectively.It was concluded that etanercept monotherapy is efficacious and safe for patients with moderate-to-severe plaque psoriasis.

Two New 3, 4-seco-Lanostane Triterpenoids from Stems of Kadsura heteroclita / 中草药·英文版

Objective: To find new triterpenoids from the stems of Kadsura heteroclite. Methods: The constituents were isolated and purified by various column chromatographies. Their structures were elucidated mainly on the basis of 1 D (1H-, 13C-, and DEPT), 2 D (HSQC, HMBC, and ROESY) NMR and mass spectral analysis, also compared with literature data. Results: Four triterpenoids were isolated and identified as 3-ethyl manwuweizate (1), 26-methyl manwuweizate (2), manwuweizic acid (3), and anwuweizonic acid (4). Conclusion: Compounds 1 and 2 are new triterpenoids.

A new dimeric lignan from Zanthoxylum simulans / 中国中药杂志

To study the chemical constituents from Zanthoxylum simulans and their anti-inflammatory activity. The constituents of Z. simulans were isolated and purified using various column chromatographies. Their chemical structures were elucidated using extensive spectroscopic methods. The compounds were assayed inhibitory activity against NO production in LPS stimulated RAW 264.7 cells. Four compounds were obtained from the ethanol extract of Z. simulans and determined to be isozanthpodocarpin B(1), kobusin (2), (+)-fargesin (3), and epieudesmin (4). Compound 1 exhibited NO production inhibitory effect with IC50 value of 14.49 µmol · L(-1). Compound 1 is a new dimeric lignan and may be serve as potential anti-inflammatory agent in the future.

Starting Time of Rehabilitation on Bicondylar Tibial Plateau Fractures / 中国康复理论与实践

@#ObjectiveTo investigate methods of early postoperative rehabilitation and its effects on patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture treated by modified dual plating.Methods66 patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture from Tianjin Hospital were divided into 2 groups according to the starting time for postoperative rehabilitation: early rehabilitation group (n=30), convalescents rehabilitation group (n=36). The two groups had the same treatment since the fourth week postoperative. Tibial plateau angle (TPA) and posterior slope angle (PA) of tibial plateau were measured to evaluate the stability of proximal tibial and knee alignment. The Hospital for Special Surgery (HSS) score system and knee joint range of motion (ROM) were used as the parameters for knee function.ResultsThe mean value of TPA and PA had no significant changes, compared to the final follow-up and postoperative X-ray films(P>0.05); the differences between the two groups were statistically significant in the mean HSS score and mean value of knee flexion and extention ROM(P<0.01 or 0.05). There was significantly positive correlation between starting time and the total number of treatment was significant(P<0.01), while negative correlation with flexion ROM of knee joint and the HSS score(P<0.01).ConclusionThe correlation between rehabilitation intervention timing and functional recovery for patients with bicondylar tibial plateau fracture treated by modified dual plating is significant, early individual and systematic rehabilitation therapy can effectively improve the prognosis features of patients.

Changes of insulin resistance and islet beta cells function in subjects with high-normal blood pressure / 中国医学科学院学报

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the changes of insulin resistance and islet beta cells function in subjects with euglycemia and high-normal blood pressure.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Total 423 subjects were divided into normal blood pressure group and high-normal blood pressure group. Body height, weight, waist and hip circumference, and biochemical data were measured. Homeostasis model assessment of insulin resistance (HOMA-IR), insulin sensitivity index (ISI)-composite, and first-phase (1 PH) Stumvoll index were calculated. Results Waist circumference, total cholesterol, triglyceride, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, HOMA-IR were significantly higher and IPH Stumvoll index and ISI-composite were significantly lower in high-normal blood pressure group than in normal blood pressure group (P < 0.05). Systolic blood pressure (SBP) was positively correlated with HOMA-IR (r = 0.122) and negatively correlated with 1PH Stumvoll index (r = -0. 159) and ISI-composite (r = -0.131) (P < 0.05). SBP and triglyceride were independent factors for IPH Stumvoll index.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Insulin resistance and islet dysfunction may exist in subjects with high-normal blood pressure.</p>

Association of ghrelin polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of ghrelin gene polymorphisms with metabolic syndrome in Han Nationality Chinese.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A total of 240 patients with metabolic syndrome and 427 adults aged above forty years were recruited. Genotypes were determined by polymerase chain reaction and restriction fragment length polymorphism analysis.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The allelic frequency of the Leu72Met polymorphism was 17.3% in the patient group and 11.9% in the control group (chi2 = 7.36, P = 0.007). Metabolic syndrome was more prevalent among carriers of the Met72 variant (43.8 vs 33.1%, age- and sex-adjusted odds ratio = 1.57, P = 0.01). No Arg51Gln variants were found in our study subjects.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Rather than being associated with its individual components, Leu72Met polymorphism is associated with metabolic syndrome in the Han Nationality Chinese. Arg51Gln polymorphism is rare in the Han Nationality Chinese.</p>

Identification of a regulatory single nucleotide polymorphism in the adiponectin (APM1) gene associated with type 2 diabetes in Han nationality / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To identify the genetic defects of the the adiponectin (APM1) gene that contribute to the development of type 2 diabetes (T2DM) and determine the functional single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) in the APM1 gene associated with T2DM in Han nationality.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>The APM1 gene 5'-UTR was screened by direct sequencing to identify common polymorphisms. Identified SNPs were genotyped in 585 nondiabetic controls, 278 subjects with impaired glucose intolerance (IGT) and 212 patients with T2DM. The functions of SNPs in the regulatory region were assessed by reporter gene assay. Possible association between SNPs and plasma APMI levels or metabolic parameters was statistically assessed.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Three SNPs were identified in the APM1 gene 5'-UTR. A case-control study revealed that SNP -11377 G/C had significant differences in allele frequencies between T2DM patients and nondiabetic controls (G 0.314/C 0.686 vs. G 0.265/C 0.735, P=0.03). Haplotype analysis of three SNPs in the APM1 gene showed that no significant association of haplotypes with T2DM. IGT was detected in the present study. Reporter gene assay showed that SNP did not influence the transcription efficiency in the 3T3-L1 cell line.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>SNP -11377 G/C in the proximal promoter region of the APM1 gene contributes to the development of T2DM in Han nationality but may not be a functional SNP in the APM1 gene.</p>

Study on diabetes prevalence in urban China / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the status of diabetic mellitus (DM) prevalence and fast blood glucose level among urban population in China.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>All 16 511 subjects, from households participating in dietary survey, aged over 20 years, were randomly sampled from 44 urban sites in 31 provinces, autonomous regions and municipalities. The diagnosis of DM was based mainly on fast plasma glucose concentration, combining with oral glucose tolerance test and the survey of previous diabetic mellitus diagnosis in local hospitals.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The DM prevalence in big cities was 6.13%, 6.08% for male and 6.30% for female. The DM prevalence was 1.07%, 2.72%, 6.50%, 11.62%, 17.36%, 18.32% and 10.06% for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 years age groups and the fast plasma glucose levels were (4.74 +/- 0.90) mmol/L, (4.93 +/- 1.03) mmol/L, (5.12 +/- 1.47) mmol/L, (5.42 +/- 1.76) mmol/L, (5.63 +/- 1.88) mmol/L, (5.70 +/- 2. 07) mmol/L, and (5.24 +/- 1.10) mmol/L respectively. The DM prevalence in medium small cities was 3.78%, 3.98% for male and 3.63% for female. The DM prevalence was 0.41%, 1.38%, 3.41%, 9. 4%, 12.56%, 11.23% and 5.56% for 20, 30, 40, 50, 60, 70 and 80 years age groups, and the fast plasma glucose level was (4. 68 +/- 0.58) mmol/L, (4.82 +/- 0.74) mmol/L, (4.99 +/- 1.04) mmol/L, (5.31 +/- 1.55) mmol/L, (5.49 +/- 1.73) mmol/L, (5.39 +/- 1.62) mmol/L, (5.22 +/- 1.30) mmol/L respectively in small and medium cities.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>For DM and fast plasma glucose level, the effects of increasing with the age should be very obvious either in big cities or medium and small cities. The DM prevalence rate in middle aged and elderly groups should be significantly higher than that in young population. The DM prevalence of each group in big cities is higher than that in medium and small cities.</p>

Association of angiotensin converting enzyme gene I/D polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus / 生物医学与环境科学（英文）

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the association of angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) gene insertion/deletion (I/D) polymorphism with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Two hundred and nine patients with T2DM diagnosed based on the criteria for diabetes mellitus in 1999 by WHO and 221 controls were recruited from general population of Dongcheng District in Beijing. All subjects were genotyped for the I/D polymorphism of ACE gene by PCR-fragment length polymorphism (FLP) assay. Blood pressure, levels of plasma glucose, lipids and serum insulin were determined. Body mass index (BMI), waist-hip ratio (WHR) and homeostasis model assessment-insulin resistance index (HOMA-IR) were calculated.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>The genotype frequencies for ACE genes DD, ID, and II were 19.1%, 42.1%, and 38.8% in patients, respectively, and 9.6%, 49.4%, and 41.0% in controls, respectively. The ACE DD genotype frequency was significantly higher in patients than in controls (chi2 = 7.61, P = 0.022). Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that the ACE DD genotype was a risk factor for T2DM, with the OR of 2.35 (95% CI 1.17-4.71) adjusted for age, sex, BMI, WHR, blood pressure, and serum cholesterol levels.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>The ACE DD genotype is associated with the increased susceptibility to type 2 diabetes mellitus.</p>

An investigation on staff's opinions on community health services in Ganzhou City / 中华全科医师杂志

Objective To investigate the knowledge and opinions of the staff in community health service centers.Methods Staff in Ganjiang,Jiefang and Nanwai community health service centers of Zhanggong District,Ganzhou City,Jiangxi Province were interviewed with questionnaire based on meeting by chance by trained interviewers about their opinions on 10 aspects of community health services.The data were evaluated by score method and factors influencing the score were studied with logistic regression analysis.Results Generally,the staff's evaluation for community health services was high,satisfying with colleagues' cooperation,professional training and service capacities in 95.96% ,90.91% and 88.88% of them,respectively.But their satisfaction with personal income and staff' s income was poor(24.24% and 43.43%).Staff for logistics were not so satisfied with their personal income.Staff for logistics and senior staff were not so active in their professional training.Conclusions The staff in community health service centers could better understand community health services with satisfaction.Incentive mechanism for the staff in community health services should be introduced with optimized management system to increase staff's income and sustain its stable development.

Chemical constituents from tuber of Cremastra appendiculata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To investigate the chemical constituents from the tuber of the planted Cremastra appendiculata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography over silica gel, Sephadex LH-20 and RP-HPLC, and their structures were elucidated on the basis of spectroscopic analysis.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Eight compounds were isolated, and identified as cirrhopetalanthrin (I), 7-hydroxy-4-methoxyphenanthrene-2-O-beta-D-glucoside (II), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-2-methoxyphenyl-1-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside (III), tyrosol 8-O-beta-D-gluco-pyranoside (IV), vanilloloside (V), p-hydroxybenzaldehyde (VI), sucrose (VII), adenosine (VIII).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These compounds are isolated from this plant for the first time. All compounds were evaluated against human colon cancer (HCT-8), human hepatoma (Bel7402), human stomach cancer(BGC-823), human lung adenocarcinoma (A549), human breast cancer (MCF-7), and human ovarian cancer (A2780) cell lines, and cirrhopetalanthrin (I) showed non-selective moderate cytotoxicity with IC50 values of 8.4-13.3 micromol x L(-1), and other compounds were inactive.</p>

Studies on chemical constituents from the corm of Cremastra appendiculata / 中国中药杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To study the chemical constituents of the corm of the planted Cremastra appendiculata.</p><p><b>METHOD</b>The compounds were isolated by column chromatography with silica gel and Sephadex LH-20, and their structures were elucidated by means of spectroscopic methods including 2D NMR techniques.</p><p><b>RESULT</b>Six compounds were isolated, and identified as isohircinol (I), flavanthrinin (II), p-hydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (III), 3,4-dihydroxyphenylethyl alcohol (IV), daucosterol (V), beta-sitosterol (VI).</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>These compounds were not previously isolated from this plant, and isohircinol (I) was obtained from natural source for the first time.</p>

A description on the Chinese national nutrition and health survey in 2002 / 中华流行病学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVE</b>To describe the status of nutrition and health related indices in the Chinese population.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>A stratified multi-stage cluster sampling was used from 31 provinces, autonomous regions, and municipalities. The survey was done in 2002, including data gathered from questionnaires, interviews, physical examinations, measurement of biochemical indices, and dietary investigation.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Cereals accounted for 48.5% of all the sources of energy in urban and 61.4% in rural populations. Daily mean percentages of calories for total fat were 35.0% in urban and 27.5% in rural areas. The prevalence rates of stunting and underweight were 14.3% and 7.8% respectively in young children under 5-year-old. The prevalence of vitamin A deficiency was 9.3% in Chinese children aged 3-12 years old. The total prevalence of anemia was 15.2% in general population of all ages. The prevalence of anemia in young adults was significantly higher in women than in men. The total prevalence rates of overweight and obesity were 17.6% and 5.6%, respectively. The prevalence rates of hypertension, diabetes, hypercholesteremia, hypertriglyceridemia, or low serum high density lipoprotein cholesterol were 18.8%, 2.6%, 2.9%, 11.9%, 7.4% respectively in Chinese adults aged 18 and over. The rates of awareness, treatment, and under control among hypertensives were 30.2%, 24.7%, and 25.0%, respectively. Significant regional and age differences were revealed in the dietary habit and the prevalence of various diseases. The prevalence of diseases associated with malnutrition were higher in rural than in urban areas. In contrast, the prevalence of conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate dietary patterns were higher in urban than in rural populations.</p><p><b>CONCLUSION</b>Chinese people were currently suffering from both problems on nutrition related issues and burdens of diseases which were characterized in nutrient deficiencies and overconsumption, malnutrition and noncommunicable conditions associated with overconsumption and inappropriate diet. The difference of nutrition and health status between rural and urban people was also seen.</p>

Leptin and clustering of the components of risk factors for metabolic syndrome / 中华预防医学杂志

<p><b>OBJECTIVES</b>To evaluate relationship between serum level of leptin and the components of risk factors for metabolic syndrome and to analyze the characteristics and laws of clustering of the risk factors.</p><p><b>METHODS</b>Totally, 795 non-diabetic adult Chinese subjects (691 men and 104 women, aged 40 - 75 years) from a diabetes prevalence survey in 2000 were involved in this study. Measurements included serum levels of true insulin (TI), leptin, fasting lipids, fasting glucose (FBG) and 2 h postchallenge glucose, as well as seated blood pressure (BP), body mass index (BMI), ratio of waist circumference to hip circumference (WHR), calculated quantitative insulin sensitivity check index (QUICKI), etc. Relationship between serum level of leptin and all the variables mentioned above was studied by statistical methods such as factor analysis, etc.</p><p><b>RESULTS</b>Serum level of leptin in the study subjects increased with the number of components of abnormal metabolism they had. Detection rates of obesity, hypertension, dyslipidemia and metabolic syndrome were significantly higher in those with the upper tertile of serum leptin level than in those with the lower tertile. Factor analysis revealed that variation of the 11 variables including serum level of leptin was affected by the three factors, i.e., the central factor associated with BMI, WHR, FTI, QUICKI and higher serum level of triglyceride (TG) and lower serum level of high-density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C), the glucose intolerance factor loaded with blood glucose level, FTI, QUICKI and higher serum level of TG (in women only) and the hypertension factor loaded with blood pressure and BMI (in men only), which could explain 62.0% and 66.7% of total variance in men and women, respectively, and higher serum level of TI and insulin resistance also loaded with both the central factor and glucose tolerance factor.</p><p><b>CONCLUSIONS</b>Serum level of leptin was significantly associated with the key markers of metabolic syndrome. Hyperleptinaemia could be a new component of metabolic syndrome. Clustering of the risk factors for metabolic syndrome could be affected by many factors, and although insulin resistance played an important role in it, insulin resistance alone could not explain its etiology.</p>